Mosquito Alert Dataset

doi:10.15470/t5a1os

Mosquito Alert Dataset

Citation

Mosquito Alert, Escobar A, Južnič-Zonta Ž (2023). Mosquito Alert Dataset. Version 1.13. CREAF - Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15470/t5a1os accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-26.

Description

The Mosquito Alert dataset includes occurrence records of adult mosquitoes. The records were collected through Mosquito Alert, a citizen science system for investigating and managing disease-carrying mosquitoes. Each record presented in the database is linked to a photograph submitted by a citizen scientist and validated by entomological experts to determine if it provides evidence of the presence of any of five targeted mosquito vectors of top concern in Europe (i.e. Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, Aedes japonicus, Aedes koreicus, Culex pipiens). The temporal coverage of the database is from 2014 through 2022 and the spatial coverage is worldwide. Most of the records from 2014 to 2020 are from Spain, reflecting the fact that the project was funded by Spanish national and regional funding agencies. Since autumn 2020 the data has expanded to include substantial records from other countries in Europe, particularly the Netherlands, Italy, and Hungary, thanks to a human volunteering network of entomologists coordinated by the AIM-COST Action and to technological developments through the VEO project to increase scalability. Among many possible applications, Mosquito Alert dataset facilitates the development of citizen-based early warning systems for mosquito-borne disease risk. This dataset can be further re-used for modelling vector exposure risk or training machine-learning detection and classification routines on the linked images, to help experts in data validation and build up automated alert systems.

Purpose

This data set can reach many entomological (vector) surveillance and management objectives. First, due to its scalability and massive networking capability it can be used as an Early Warning System (EWS) for detection of invasive species across scales, from city to continental scales. At local scales this type of data can help optimise vector control, as citizen inform about nuisance and presence of mosquitoes at almost real time. Mosquito reduction campaigns, may combine top-down strategies of mosquito (larvae) control (undertaken by public health agencies) with bottom-up strategies promoting social action and behavioural change to reduce domestic and peri-domestic breeding sites’ proliferation. Second, if combined with other data sources this data can be used to make risk assessments, like characterisation of critical areas and seasonal variability for disease risk transmission. It can also be used for data augmentation and calibration in mosquito distribution models of seasonal and inter-annual patterns as well as and spatial suitability maps. Third, the associated images contribute to train machine-learning models for image flow optimisation procedures in digital-based EWS and mosquito detection and classification.

Sampling Description

Study Extent

There are no limitations in terms of geographic areas from which citizen are allowed to participate, so data can be sent from all over the world. Nevertheless, Mosquito Alert’s main coverage has been in Spain, with increasing coverage in Europe since 2020, mainly in The Netherlands, Italy, and Hungary. The temporal coverage of the dataset is from June 18, 2014 to September 20, 2021.

Sampling

There is no pre-set sampling frequency: participants can send as much data as they like wherever and whenever they like or can. Data sampling may be more intense in some periods due to dissemination events (e.g. project appearances in TV, Science Fairs, etc.) but is also naturally modulated by mosquito seasonal prevalence and activity patterns.

Quality Control

The Digital Entomology Network is formed by a number of experts, including the so-called National Supervisors. At each European country participating through the projects AIM-COST and VEO, the National Supervisors serve as national level coordinators and supervisors. In addition, a senior entomologist Super Expert is in charge of the coordination of the whole validation flow and mechanics in the Mosquito Alert system. A manual for the expert validation system is distributed beforehand to the members of the network and published in the Mosquito Alert website [36] with specifications on the criteria for species determination. The taxonomic determination of an observation results in two potential outputs indicating the degree of certainty: confirmed, when taxonomic features can be clearly seen in the picture/s and probable, when only some characteristic features can be observed. The final taxonomic determination and the relative degree of certainty is computed based on expert’s validations in two steps. (1) Selection of most voted category. The selection for the most voted category is a simple majority selection. For example, assume the following three expert validation assessment: "Probably Ae. albopictus | Definitely Ae. albopictus | Probably Ae. aegypti". The most voted category is Ae. albopictus with two votes. Note that in this step, the "Probably" and "Definitely" qualifications given by each expert are ignored. If there is no majority (i.e, every expert chooses a different taxonomic category) the classification result is considered a "conflict" and the report is flagged and revised by the super-expert. (2) Certainty value selection. The certainty labels of the most voted taxonomic category are mapped to integer values such that 1 corresponds to "Probably" and 2 to "Definitely". The final certainty assessment value is given by averaging the values and rounding them to the nearest integer value with a round half down strategy. For the above example, the most voted category is Ae. albopictus where two values are issued ("Probably" and "Definitely") that results in an average value of 1.5. Finally, after rounding the average to 1 the assessment gives a "Probable" Ae. albopictus occurrence. If the final result would be 2, the certainty degree of the occurrence would be labeled as "Confirmed". Note that rounding half down strategy implies a conservative approach in the certainty evaluation: if one of the expert expresses doubt, the overall value is decreased. The validation procedure allows an expert to label a report with not sure in case of pictures with insufficient information. Those records are not included in the current dataset, since only confirmed or probable mosquito records are valid occurrences. For each record, the corresponding entomologist experts who reviewed it are cited by name or by a group label (e.g. institution, team name, etc.). The Anonymous expert label is assigned to experts who wish to remain anonymous.

Method steps

An anonymous citizen scientist observes an adult-mosquito (dead or alive).
Within the Mosquito Alert smart-phone application, the citizen scientist answers a small questionnaire with taxonomic and environment-related questions, indicates the location of the observation, attaches one or more photographs (optional), and adds comments (optional).
The report is reviewed by members of the Mosquito Alert team to remove anything that appears to be personally identifying information or inappropriate content.
Each photograph attached to the report is evaluated independently by three entomologists, and each assigns a label to the report indicating their degree of certainty as to whether the photographs show the target species. A "not sure" label is used if an expert is not able to classify a report. A report is flagged if for any reason the report needs further discussion or should be temporarily left out from the public view. The final taxonomic classification comes from averaging the three expert validations (see section Data Validation and Quality Control).
The report is released into the public domain after the three entomologists’ validation and reviewed by a senior entomologist who also checks flagged reports. As citizen scientists can try several pictures of the same specimen in one single report, one of the three experts has the responsibility to choose the final image released to the public domain (public map), which is the one published in the GBIF dataset. The selection criteria is to choose the mosquito image that best represents the observation, or the most valid for species determination.

Taxonomic Coverages

The dataset contains 24788 records of Aedes and Culex genus. For Aedes, four species are reported.

Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895)
common name: Asian tiger mosquito rank: Species
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762)
common name: Yellow fever mosquito rank: Species
Aedes japonicus (Theobald, 1901)
common name: Asian bush mosquito rank: Species
Aedes koreicus (Edwards, 1917)
common name: Korean bush mosquito rank: Species
Culex (Linnaeus, 1758)
rank: Genus

Geographic Coverages

Worldwide dataset, but mostly centered in Europe.

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Contacts

Mosquito Alert
originator
Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC)
ES
email: info@mosquitoalert.com

Agustí Escobar
metadata author
position: Mosquito Alert Head of IT development
Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals
Campus de Bellaterra (UAB) Edifici C, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona
ES
email: a.escobar@creaf.uab.cat
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6856-0480

Živko Južnič-Zonta
metadata author
position: Mosquito Alert Data Engineer
Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes
C/ d'accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2362-9771

Mosquito Alert Community
content provider
position: Mosquito Alert Citizen Scientists and Community Builders
Citizen scientists and community builders that actively participate in the Mosquito Alert project (www.mosquitoalert.com).

Frederic Bartumeus
principal investigator
position: Mosquito Alert Co-Director
Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes
C/ d'accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-3797

John R.B. Palmer
principal investigator
position: Mosquito Alert Co-Director
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
C/ Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005, Barcelona
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-7860

Agustí Escobar
programmer
position: Mosquito Alert Head of IT development
Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals
Campus de Bellaterra (UAB) Edifici C, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6856-0480

Roger Eritja
content provider
position: Mosquito Alert Entomological expert
Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes
C/ d'accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-8370

Aitana Oltra
content provider
position: Mosquito Alert Scientific Officer and Manager
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
C/ Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005, Barcelona
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-8217

Živko Južnič-Zonta
author
position: Mosquito Alert Data Engineer
Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes
C/ d'accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2362-9771

Alex Richter-Boix
content provider
position: Mosquito Alert Communication Officer
Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals
Campus de Bellaterra (UAB) Edifici C, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8559-5191

Joan Garriga
programmer
position: Mosquito Alert Data Scientist
Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes
C/ d'accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4561-7835

Isis Sanpera-Calbet
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
C/ Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005, Barcelona
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7004-4293

Francis Schaffner
content provider
position: Resources provider
Francis Schaffner Consultancy
Lörracherstrasse 50, 4125, Riehen
CH
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-7617

Alessandra della Torre
content provider
position: Resources and Funding provider
Sapienza University, Department Public Health and Infectious Diseases
Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00198, Rome
IT
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7054-0027

Miguel Ángel Miranda
content provider
position: Resources provider
University Balearic Islands, Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group
Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0770-2593

Marion Koopmans
content provider
position: Resources and Funding provider
Erasmus University Medical Center
Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD Rotterdam
NL
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-2312

Luisa Barzon
content provider
position: Resources provider
Università degli Studi di Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine
Via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-8456

Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU-CEU Universities, Facultad de Veterinaria, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Department of Animal Production and Health
C/ Tirant lo Blanc, 7, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5319-4257

Sarah Delacour
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Zaragoza, Animal Health Department
C/ Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7046-2997

Mikel Bengoa Paulis
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Anticimex Spain
C/ Jesús Serra Santamans, 5, Planta 3, 08174, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6399-4765

Andrea Valsecchi
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona
Plaça Lesseps 8 entresol, 08023, Barcelona
ES

Tomàs Montalvo
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona
Plaça Lesseps 8 entresol, 08023, Barcelona
ES

Maria Angeles Puig
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes
C/ d'accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0997-3055

Simone Mariani
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes
C/ d'accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-8657

Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Center for Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-CIBIR
C/Piqueras 98, 3º planta, 26006, La Rioja
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8198-8118

Santi Escartin Peña
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Associació Mediambiental Xatrac
C/ Pius Font i Quer, S/N, 17310, Lloret de Mar, Girona
ES

Rosario Melero-Alcíbar
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Centro de Educación Superior Hygiea
Av. de Pablo VI, 9, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9945-6283

Daniel Bravo-Barriga
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University of Extremadura, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Animal Health
Av/ Universidad S/N 10003 Cáceres, Spain
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3481-7310

Laura Blanco-Sierra
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona
Plaça Lesseps 8 entresol, 08023, Barcelona
ES

Aleksandar Cvetkovikj
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje
Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5-7, 1000, Skopje
MK
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6582-7020

Alice Michelutti
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie
Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro (Padua)
IT
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8886-3315

Beniamino Caputo
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Sapienza University, Department Public Health and Infectious Diseases
Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00198, Rome
IT
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5650-8773

Carina Zittra
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology
Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna
AT
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8963-6421

Cintia Horváth
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca
Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372
RO
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9582-6635

Diego Parrondo Montón
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University of Applied Scieces and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Institute of Microbiology
Via Flora Ruchat-Roncati 15, 6850, Mendrisio Switzerland
CH

Eleonora Flacio
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University of Applied Scieces and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Institute of Microbiology
Via Flora Ruchat-Roncati 15, 6850, Mendrisio Switzerland
CH
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8267-6503

Enkelejda Velo
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Vectors' Control Unit
Str: "Aleksander Moisiu", No. 80, Tirana
AL
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7283-2541

Fabrizio Montarsi
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie
Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro (Padua)
IT
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-5763

Filiz Gunay
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Hacettepe University, Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Vector Ecology Research Group
Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, 06800, Ankara
TR
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-6264

Hugo Costa Osório
content provider
position: Entomological expert
National Institute of Health, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research
Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa
PT
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6704-740X

Isra Deblauwe
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Entomology
Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp
BE
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7268-8965

Karin Bakran-Lebl
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Division for Public Health
Währinger Strasse 25a, 1090, Vienna
AT
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8818-2483

Katja Kalan
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies
Glagoljaška ulica 8, 6000, Koper
SI
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-7382

Angeliki F. Martinou
content provider
position: Entomological expert
British Forces Cyprus, Joint Services Health Unit
CY
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2892-8583

Kornélia Kurucz
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University of Pécs
Ifjúság útja 6, 7624, Pécs
HU
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6190-1265

Mihaela Kavran
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology
Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad
RS
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5210-9727

Ognyan Mikov
content provider
position: Entomological expert
National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases
26, Yanko Sakazov blvd., 1504, Sofia
BG
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-0434

Perparim Kadriaj
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Vectors' Control Unit
Str: "Aleksander Moisiu", No. 80, Tirana
AL
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-5278

Sandra Gewehr
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Ecodevelopment S.A.
Thesi Mezaria, PO Box 2420, 57010 Filyro
GR
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-9537

Rafael Gutiérrez-López
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University Balearic Islands, Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group
Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0107-5357

Sergio Magallanes
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Estación Biológica de Doñana, Departamento de Ecología de los Humedales
Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla,
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-9547

Carlos Barceló
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University Balearic Islands, Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group
Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-3229

Martina Ferraguti
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University of Amsterdam, Department of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics
Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam
NL
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7481-4355

Mikel Alexander González
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Universidad Iberoamericana
Avenida Francia 129, 10203, Santo Domingo
DO
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5754-862X

Francisco Collantes
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física
Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia
ES
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8085-6399

Nikolina Sokolovska
content provider
position: Entomological expert
PHI Center for Public Health-Skopje
blv.3rd Macedonian brigade, no.18, Skopje
MK
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7912-5791

Antonios Michaelakis
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance
8, Stefanou Delta str., 14561 Kifissia, Athens
GR
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3075-5020

Gábor Kemenesi
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University of Pécs
Ifjúság útja 6, 7624, Pécs
HU
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-3065

Elton Rogozi
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Vectors' Control Unit
Str: "Aleksander Moisiu", No. 80, Tirana
AL
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-1822

Ana Klobucar
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health
Mirogojska c. 16, 10 000, Zagreb
HR
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-6830

Marcela Curman Posavec
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health
Mirogojska c. 16, 10 000, Zagreb
HR

Alexander G.C. Vaux
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Medical Entomology, UK Health Security Agency
Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG
GB
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2463-5660

Adolfo Ibanez-Justicia
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, National Reference Centre, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority
Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA, Wageningen
NL
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0768-2011

Marina Bisia
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance
8, Stefanou Delta str., 14561 Kifissia, Athens
GR
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6697-302X

Georgios Balatsos
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance
8, Stefanou Delta str., 14561 Kifissia, Athens
GR
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-068X

Hans-Peter Fuehrer
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Parasitology
Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna
AT
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-0133

Maria Sophia Unterköfler
content provider
position: Entomological expert
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Parasitology
Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna
AT
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2947-1423

Marco Neira
content provider
position: Entomological expert
The Cyprus Institute
Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 20, 2121, Nicosia, Cyprus
CY
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8068-5772

Eleonora Longo
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Sapienza University, Department Public Health and Infectious Diseases
Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00198, Rome
IT
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5719-5994

Francesco Severini
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Infectious Diseases
Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Roma,
IT
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0179-5277

Francesca Paoli
content provider
position: Entomological expert
Museo di Scienze di Trento
Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza, 3, 38122, Trento
IT

Aitana Oltra
administrative point of contact
position: Mosquito Alert Scientific Officer and Manager
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
C/ Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005, Barcelona
ES
email: info@mosquitoalert.com
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-8217